Torn and stretched ankle ligaments

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What is a torn or stretched ankle ligament?

A torn ligament (ligament rupture) results in partial or complete tearing of the ligaments in the ankle. This leads to severe pain, swelling and sometimes bruising. In most cases, the anterior outer ligament, which stabilizes the outside of the ankle together with two other ligaments, is affected by a tear. In addition to the outer ligamentous apparatus, other structures may also be injured, such as the syndesmosis, the medial ligamentous apparatus or bony structures.

Only a precise diagnosis will show whether the injury is a torn ligament or a stretched ligament: In the case of a stretched ligament, the ligament structure remains intact and the injury usually heals on its own.

Risk factors and causes: A torn ligament is often caused by twisting an ankle

Symptoms of torn or stretched ankle ligaments

A painful, swollen ankle after twisting an ankle is typical of both injuries. The affected joint may feel unstable or even "buckle" in the event of a complete tear.

A tear is accompanied by a sudden stabbing pain - often in conjunction with a "Cracking" at the moment of injury. The area around the ankle swells and a visible bruise (hematoma) forms. Even light exertion can be very painful or even impossible. These symptoms indicate that ligament structures are partially or completely torn.

However, the symptoms are usually milder in the case of a stretched ankle ligament. Those affected feel pain, the joint is often slightly swollen and mobility is restricted: Walking is usually still possible, but painful.

How can you prevent a torn ligament?

Always wear sturdy, well-fitting shoes with sufficient ankle support when doing sports or walking on uneven surfaces. High heels or worn-out soles significantly increase the risk of twisting your ankle.

How is the diagnosis of "torn ligaments" or "stretched ligaments" in the ankle joint made?

To determine whether it is a stretched or torn ligament in the ankle joint, doctors first carry out a physical examination. They look to see whether the joint is unusually mobile - i.e. whether the foot can be splayed sideways or the talus (ankle bone) can be pushed forward excessively. This would be an indication of instability due to a torn ligament.

X-rays are usually also taken. This not only allows specialists to rule out bone fractures, but also to assess whether the joint space has widened - another indication of a torn collateral ligament. If there are no clear signs of a tear when a ligament injury is suspected, it may also be a case of a stretched ligament or a torn ligament. -strain. If the findings are unclear, further imaging procedures (e.g. ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging) are sometimes used.

Therapy: Treatment for torn or stretched ankle ligaments

There are two treatment options for a torn or stretched ankle ligament: conservative and surgical therapy.

In most cases, conservative treatment is carried out without surgery. First, the joint is cooled. If necessary, a special medical compression stocking is used to reduce the swelling. The foot is then immobilized with a splint (orthosis). This allows the ligaments to heal at rest. During this time, the foot may only be loaded carefully. Later, physiotherapy helps to restore mobility and strength.

Surgery may only be necessary in the case of very serious injuries. The torn ligaments are stitched back together. The lower leg is then immobilized. Patients are often given medication to prevent thrombosis, as the risk of blood clots is increased due to the restriction of movement. Physiotherapy can also support rehabilitation. The foot can usually bear full weight again after the healing phase.

Exercises after tearing and stretching ligaments